Citation index

A citation index is a kind of bibliographic index, an index of citations between publications, allowing the user to easily establish which later documents cite which earlier documents. A form of citation index is first found in 12th-century Hebrew religious literature. Legal citation indexes are found in the 18th century and were made popular by citators such as Shepard's Citations (1873).

In 1961, Eugene Garfield's Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) introduced the first citation index for papers published in academic journals, first the Science Citation Index (SCI), and later the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI).
American Chemical Society converted its printed Chemical Abstract Service into internet-accessible SciFinder in 2008.
The first automated citation indexing was done by CiteSeer in 1997 and was patented.

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Source: Wikipedia · Image: Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0